O Direito à Água como Direito Humano

Um dos principais desafios e objetivos da Rio+20 é o reconhecimento formal dos Estados participantes do direito à água como direito humano, trazendo consigo todas as implicações e medidas inerentes a sua efetividade a nível global. Muitas nações já se manifestaram contrárias. Outras, no entanto, têm mudado seu posicionamento neste sentido (Canadá, por exemplo).

Entenda o contexto geral desta discussão, em análise à Resolução nº. A/64/L.63/Rev. 1 e ao documento esboço da RIO+20, The Future We Want, cujos pontos fundamentais referentes ao reconhecimento da água e do saneamento básico como direitos humanos são transcritos abaixo.

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A/64/L.63/Rev.1

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1. Declares the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights;

2. Calls upon States and international organizations to provide financial resources, capactity-building and technology transfer, through international assistance and cooperation, in particular to developing countries, in order to scale up efforts to provide safe, clean, accessible and affordable drinking water and sanitation for all

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The Future We Want

Water

67. We underline the importance of the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights. Furthermore, we highlight the critical importance of water resources for sustainable development, including poverty and hunger eradication, public health, food security, hydropower, agriculture and rural development.

68. We recognize the necessity of setting goals for wastewater management, including reducing water pollution from households, industrial and agricultural sources and promoting water efficiency, wastewater treatment and the use of wastewater as a resource, particularly in expanding urban areas.

69. We renew our commitment made in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPOI) regarding the development and implementation of integrated water resources management and water efficiency plans. We reaffirm our commitment to the 2005-2015 International Decade for Action “Water for Life”. We encourage cooperation initiatives for water resources management in particular through capacity development, exchange of experiences, best practices and lessons learned, as well as sharing appropriate environmentally sound technologies and know-how.